Office of Emergency Management
Tornadoes & Straight Line Winds
Tornadoes
A tornado is a violently rotating column of air extending from the base of a thunderstorm down to the ground. They are capable of completely destroying well-made structures, uprooting trees, and hurling objects through the air like deadly missiles. Tornadoes can occur at any time of day or night and at any time of the year.
Tornadoes can be deadly at any rating, but can vary in size and intensity. They are commonly rated on the EF-Scale.
Tornado alerts are issued by the National Weather Service.
- A tornado watch indicates that weather conditions are favorable for the formation of a tornado. Be aware of the nearest safe location, locate your response kit, and monitor weather radios or local media.
- A tornado warning indicates that weather spotters have spotted a tornado, or weather radar reveals a rotation that indicates a tornado is occurring or may be imminent. Immediately take shelter in a basement, interior bathroom, or reinforced corridor away from windows! If doing so will not delay your safety, bring a radio with you for updates.
Straight Line Winds
Not all severe wind damage is caused by tornadoes. In the Kalamazoo area, most damage is caused by winds associated with a thunderstorm. Severe thunderstorms may cause a variety of damaging winds collectively known as straight line winds, typically caused by downdrafts. The downdrafts may last seconds or minutes, and can cause winds of up to 150 mph and inflict severe damage similar to that of a tornado. Because of their brief nature, you may have little warning of the specific location of incoming winds.
When you receive Severe Thunderstorm Watches, consider the possibility of associated straight line winds in addition to lightning, hail, and localized flooding. Take shelter during Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in a structure able to withstand these severe winds.
For the purposes of mitigation and response, there is little difference between the effects of the two types of events.
Local History
May 13, 1980 Tornado
Kalamazoo was struck by a F3 tornado on May 13, 1980. The tornado's track took it across 11 miles over 20 minutes, including through the heart of the downtown area. In its wake, it left five people dead and over $50 million dollars in damage.
More info: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_Kalamazoo_tornado
May 31, 1998 Derecho / Straight Line Winds
Four people were killed and 146 were injured across West Michigan amidst 130 mph winds from a derecho wind event. The storm caused $172 million in damage.
More info: https://www.mlive.com/weather/2016/05/two_hours_of_weather_terror_a.html
April 5, 2010 Straight Line Winds
Straight line winds measuring over 80 mph and 1" hailstones caused damage across the area, flipping campers at a Schoolcraft business, knocking down trees, and destroying a grain silo in Vicksburg.
More info: https://www.mlive.com/news/kalamazoo/2010/04/hail_high_winds_damage_southwe.html
September 5, 2014 Straight Line Winds
Kalamazoo sustained 55-65 mph winds as part of a severe thunderstorm that clipped trees and left almost 20,000 without power.
More info: https://www.mlive.com/news/kalamazoo/2014/09/no_tornado_national_weather_se.html
Resources
- National Weather Service Tornado Information
- Tornado Preparedness
- Ready.gov Tornado information
- Tornado Information Sheet (PDF)
- Prepare Your Organization for a Tornado Playbook (PDF)
- Organizational Tabletop Exercises (PDF)
- Taking Shelter from the Storm: Building a Safe Room Inside Your House (PDF)
- Tornado Protection - Selecting Refuge Areas in Buildings (PDF)
- How to Guides to Protect Your Property or Business from High Winds (PDF)